It can be detrimental to a beekeeper and the hive to use illegal treatments.  These treatments have not been thoroughly tested for effectiveness and safety and have not been assigned a proper application to prevent resistance to or death from that product. A & L Feed only recommends treatments that have been approved by the EPA, for your safety as well as the bees.

European Foulbrood: 
* Larvae die in a coiled,  twisted, or irregular position in their
  cells. Cells are usually uncapped.
* Larvae color may change from light cream to grayish 
  brown, darkening as the dead larvae dry up. 
* Sour odor may be present.
* Dead larvae are not ropy as in American Foulbrood.

Recommended treatment:
Treat with Terramycin, available in Terra-Patties® or
Terra-Pro in spring and fall. 

American Foulbrood:
* Brood pattern is irregular rather than compact.
* Healthy larvae are glistening white color; diseased ones
  lose this appearance, and turn from light brown to dark
  brown and are upright, not twisted in cells.
* Larvae long dead develop the consistency of glue and are 
  difficult for bees to remove
*Cappings become concave and some will be punctured by 
  bees attempting to remove the dead brood.
* Surface of cappings will be moist or wet rather than dry.
* Some dead pupae, shrunken into scales, have their
  tongues protruding at right angle to their scale or straight
  up. This may be the only recognizable characteristic.

Recommended Treatment:
Treat with Terramycin, available in Terra-Patties® or
Terra-Pro in spring and fall.

Tracheal Mite:
* Very hard to detect without dissection. If you notice bees 
  disappearing from your hive you may want your State
  Inspector to test your bees for this mite.

Recommended Treatment:
Is best to treat this on a preventative measure by using
Mite-a-Thol®, one bag per hive in spring and fall before and after honey flow.

Varroa Mites:
* Infested capped drone brood.
* Disfigured adult bees, deformed legs or wings.
* Bees discarding larvae and pupae.
* Pale or dark reddish brown spots on other wise
  white pupae.
* Visible on the outside of bee.
* Spotty brood pattern.

Recommended Treatment:
Treat with either CheckMite+™ or Apistan® strips. Follow your states label instructions.

Nosema Disease: 
* Bees unable to fly or able to fly only short distances.
* Bees seen trembling and quivering, colony restless.
* Feces on combs, bottom boards, and outside walls
  of hive.
* Bees seen crawling aimlessly on bottom board, near 
  entrance, or on ground; some dragging along as if
  their legs are paralyzed
* Wings positioned at various angles from body – not
  folded in normal position over abdomen.
* Abdomen distended (swollen).
* When bee is dissected, midgut is swollen, dull,
  grayish white color and circular constructions of gut
  are no longer evident; normal gut color is brownish
  red or yellowish, with many circular constructions.

Recommended Treatment:
Treat with a mixture of Fumagilin®-B and sugar syrup in the spring and fall.

Wax Moths: 
* Tunnels in combs.
* Silk trails, crisscrossing one another over combs.
* Small dark objects (excrement of wax moth larvae)
  in the silk trails in a hive.
* Silk cocoons attached to wooden parts.
* Destroyed comb, piles of debris on bottom board.
* A strong hive usually controls moths without
  assistance. Remove any unnecessary supers or
  brood boxes so they have less area to defend.

Recommended Treatment:
Treat with Para-Moth®. Only use in stored supers.

Chalkbrood:
* Mummified bodies of brood can often be seen in
  cells, on bottom boards, or at the hive entrance.
* Very rare.

Recommended Treatment:
Recommended Treatment: There is no 
registered control agent for use against chalkbrood 
disease in Canada or the U.S. Although most reports indicate that chalkbrood doese not cause serious econmomic losses, diseased colonies can have reduced populations and reduced honey production. Since adult bees can remove chalkbrood mummies, the disease often disappears as colonies increase in population and/or nectar flow 
commences.

Hive Beetle:
* White egg masses deposited by the adult female into   crevices within the hive.
* Larvae tunnel through the combs, killing brood and
  ruining newly drawn comb.
* Cream-colored larvae feed on pollen and honey for
  10-16 days before exiting the hive to pupate in the
  soil around the hive.
* Pupae are light tan to blueish tan in color.
* Winged adults emerge from the soil in 2-3 weeks,
  re-enter the hive to feed and reproduce.
* Life span is up to 6 months.

Recommended Treatment: 
Treat with one Checkmite+™ strip per hive ( in approved states only). Also treat with ground drench Gard Star®  to kill larvae that enter the soil.